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- > Where we do see stress and negative emotions loading together on the aversiveness component is in the inception stage. The role of stress as a part of task aversiveness in the Inception stage may be best understood by considering Silver (1974) (cited in Aitken, 1982) who argues that stress disrupts goal achievement by causing an individual to procrastinate by delaying the initiation of the necessary goal.

Page 13 - > problems with procrastination may arise when individuals perceive their projects as being aversive in that these projects are boring, frustrating, done resentfully, forced upon them by others and are generally more stressful, less meaningful and less structured.