- > To answer this question, I embarked on a systematic literature review and screened the 50 journals that are broadly regarded as the leading journals in management for the search term âserendipityâ. I then âsnowballedâ (Flick, 2009) to integrate seminal works from other sources. Based on a systematic screening of the literature, I synthesized the managerially relevant research on serendipity, and developed a multi-level theory of (cul- tivating) serendipity that captures how, why, and when serendipity can emerge and be facilitated in the organizational context. Great explanation of how the author went from research question to method (systematic literature review) through to synthesis.
All Highlights
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- > First, we offer a framework of leader character that provides rigor through a three-phase, multi-method approach involving 1817 leaders, and relevance by using an engaged scholarship epistemology to validate the framework with practicing leaders. This framework highlights the theoretical underpinnings of the leader character model and articulates the character dimensions and elements that operate in concert to promote effective leadership. Second, we bring leader character into mainstream management research, extending the traditional competency and interpersonal focus on leadership to embrace the foundational component of leader character. In doing this, we articulate how leader character complements and strengthens several existing theories of leadership. Third, we extend the virtues-based approach to ethical decision making to the broader domain of judgement and decision making in support of pursuing individual and organization effectiveness. Finally, we offer promising directions for future research on leader character that will also serve the larger domain of leadership research
Page 2 - > continues to exist a significant gap between the scholarly account of character and the understanding, legitimacy and application of character to leadership in the practice of governance and management.
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- > This isnât to say that time blocking is a perfect solution, however. In fact, there are a lot of reasons why you wouldnât want to block out your daily schedule: It takes a lot of time and effort. Scheduling each minute of your day means… scheduling every minute of your day. Itâs a much more labor-intensive system than just writing out the 4 or 5 tasks you need to complete. **Few of us (if any) have the same schedule every day. **Time blocking is _much _easier when you have a clear set of tasks. However, most of us need to constantly adapt to requests and demands.
Page 4 - > **Weâre bad at estimating how long tasks will take to do. **We all have a tendency to be overoptimistic with how much we can get done in a day (psychologists call this the Planning Fallacy). It can be disheartening (and stressful) when you feel like youâre constantly behind your schedule. Constant interruptions and âurgentâ tasks can destroy your system. Relying on upfront planning means that when one thing goes wrong, the whole system breaks down. Flexibility is key in most workplaces. You canât tell your boss that you wonât be able to get that urgent fix out today because itâs not on your calendar. A strict schedule like this doesnât always jive with the demands of your workplace. You can lose sight of the bigger picture. Focusing just on each day can sometimes make it harder to think about making progress on your long-term goals.
Page 12 - > Place buffers in between tasks. We all have whatâs called âAttention residueâ after completing a task that can take anywhere from 10â15 minutes to get over. If you assume you can switch gears on the spot, youâre going to end up frustrated and behind schedule.
Page 12 - > Schedule your breaks (not just lunch). Weâre not machines. Make sure you set aside time throughout the day for a quick stretch or walk to give your brain (and your eyes) a rest
Page 13 - > Put in time for downtime, relaxation, and learning. The most productive people pair work with rest. Give yourself the time you need to relax, let loose, and even learn new skills. You donât have to be 100% productive 100% of the time.
Page 13 - > Set an âoverflow dayâ to stop you from feeling overwhelmed. If youâre constantly falling behind on tasks, youâll want to set aside an overflow day dedicated to getting caught up
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- > Be objective â Imagine youâre a consultant whoâs been hired to assess a week in your life. Try your best to take an unbiased look at your week and lean on objective measures of your performance for the week (i.e. âtasks completedâ, âhours sleptâ, and âwords writtenâ). Taking an honest look at your successes and shortcomings will help you plan better for the future and optimize each week.
Page 12 - > Be comprehensive but e`cient in your approach.
This is a paradox
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- > Of course, what she was attempting to control was a stake in her own intellectual property. Around the age of forty, as her schools continued to proliferate and demand for her training grew, Montessori resigned from her position at the University of Rome, hoping to focus entirely on her burgeoning educational movement. âFrom now on,â Kramer wrote, âshe would support herself and her dependents on the proceeds of her training courses and the royalties from her books and didactic materials, a situation which lent her activities a certain commercial aspect they would not have had if she had remained a salaried academic propounding her ideas in an academic framework.â Financial incentives, in other words, made it more likely that Montessoriâs projectâa mating of altruism and scientific inquiry, born in asylums and slumsâwould become transactional and exclusive.
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the Stream replaces topology with serialization. Rather than imagine a timeless world of connection and multiple paths, the Stream presents us with a single, time ordered path with our experience (and only our experience) at the center.
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Whereas the garden is integrative, the Stream is self-assertive. Itâs persuasion, itâs argument, itâs advocacy. Itâs personal and personalized and immediate. Itâs invigorating.
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in reality it doesnât predict the web at all . Not at all. The web works very little like this. Itâs weird, because in our minds the web still works like this, but itâs a fiction.
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these abilities â to link, annotate, change, summarize, copy, and share â these are the verbs of gardening.
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we see that develop into the web as we know it today. A web of âhey this is coolâ one- hop links. A web where where links are used to create a conversational trail (a sort of âread this if you want to understand what I am riffing onâ link) instead of associations of ideas. The âconversational webâ. A web obsessed with arguing points. A web seen as a tool for self-expression rather than a tool for thought. A web where you weld information and data into your arguments so that it can never be repurposed against you. The web not as a reconfigurable model of understanding but of sealed shut presentations.
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A web where where links are used to create a conversational trail (a sort of âread this if you want to understand what I am riffing onâ link) instead of associations of ideas.
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You want ethics of networked knowledge? Think about that for a minute â how much time weâve all spent arguing, promoting our ideas, and how little time weâve spent contributing to the general pool of knowledge.
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- > the multi-linear nature of the garden means that there is no one right view of the bridge, no one correct approach. The architect creates the bridge, but it is the visitors to the park who create the bridgeâs meaning. A good bridge supports many approaches, many views, many seasons, maybe many uses, and the meaning of that bridge will even evolve for the architect over time.
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- > We create the garden as a sort of experience generator, capable of infinite expression and meaning.
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our survival as a species depends on us getting past the sweet, salty fat of âthe web as conversationâ and on to something more timeless, integrative, iterative, something less personal and less self-assertive, something more solitary yet more connected.
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Every walk through the garden creates new paths, new meanings, and when we add things to the garden we add them in a way that allows many future, unpredicted relationships
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Note how different this sort of meaning making is from what we generally see on todayâs web. The excitement here is in building complexity, not reducing it. More importantly note how meaning changes here. We probably know what the tweet would have âmeantâ, and what a blog post would have âmeantâ, but meaning here is something different. Instead of building an argument about the issue this attempts to build a model of the issue that can generate new understandings.
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